Male infertility is a condition that affects approximately 10% to 15% of couples trying to conceive. Understanding the underlying causes of male infertility is essential for diagnosing and treating the condition. We know that the inability to conceive can be a complicated and challenging experience, which can have significant psychological and emotional impacts on many couples.
While many factors can contribute to male infertility, there are also signs that men can look out for to identify if they may be at risk:
Erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is a common symptom of male infertility. Many factors, including hormonal imbalances, nerve damage, and psychological factors, can cause it. Men who experience difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection may want to speak with their doctor about the possibility of male infertility.
Low sperm count.A low sperm count is one of the most common causes of male infertility. Men with a low sperm count may have difficulty conceiving with their partners. A semen analysis is the most common test used to determine the count, and men who suspect they may have a low sperm count should speak with their doctor about testing.
Abnormal sperm morphology. Sperm morphology refers to the size and shape of the sperm. Abnormal sperm morphology can make it difficult for the sperm to reach and fertilize the egg. Men with abnormal morphology may experience infertility; analysis can determine if this is the case.
Testicular pain or swelling. Testicular pain or swelling can indicate a serious underlying condition, such as testicular cancer or a varicocele. Men who experience pain or swelling should speak with their doctor immediately to rule out any serious conditions that may affect fertility.
Hormonal imbalances. Hormonal imbalances can affect the production of testosterone, which is essential for male fertility. Men with hormonal imbalances may experience various symptoms, including decreased sex drive, erectile dysfunction, and infertility.
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Conditions That Lead To Infertility In Men
Varicocele. Varicocele is a condition where the veins in the scrotum become enlarged, causing blood to pool and increase the temperature. This increase can damage the sperm-producing cells, reducing sperm production and motility. Varicocele is the most common cause of male infertility and is present in approximately 40% of infertile men.
Hormonal imbalances. Hormonal imbalances can affect testosterone and other hormones essential for sperm production. Testosterone deficiency is a common cause of male infertility and can result from conditions such as hypogonadism, Klinefelter’s syndrome, and pituitary tumors.
Genetic abnormalities. Genetic abnormalities can cause male infertility by affecting sperm production, motility, and morphology. Conditions such as Klinefelter’s syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and Y-chromosome microdeletions can all result in male infertility.
Infections. Infections such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can damage the male reproductive system, leading to infertility. STIs can cause inflammation, leading to reduced sperm production and motility.
Lifestyle factors. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug use can all harm male fertility. Smoking, in particular, has been shown to reduce sperm count and motility, while alcohol consumption and drug use can affect testosterone production and sperm quality.
Physical abnormalities. Physical abnormalities such as injuries, blockages in the vas deferens, and retrograde ejaculation can all cause male infertility. Testicular injuries can damage the sperm-producing cells, while blockages in the vas deferens can prevent sperm from being released during ejaculation. Retrograde ejaculation occurs when semen is ejaculated into the bladder, resulting in reduced fertility.
Many fertility treatments can treat male infertility, depending on the condition’s underlying cause. The following are some of the most common fertility treatments for male infertility:
Medications. Medicationsare often used to treat male infertility caused by hormonal imbalances. Testosterone replacement therapy is one such medication that can be used to treat low testosterone levels. Clomiphene citrate is another medication that stimulates testosterone production and improves sperm count.
Surgery. Surgery may be required to treat male infertility caused by physical abnormalities such as varicocele, testicular torsion, or blockages in the vas deferens. Surgery can repair these abnormalities, leading to improved sperm count and motility.
Lifestyle changes. Lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight can improve sperm quality and increase the chances of conception. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can also improve overall health and increase the chances of conception.
Sperm retrieval techniques. Sperm retrieval techniques are used to obtain sperm directly when sperm cannot be ejaculated normally. The sperm retrieved can be used for state-of-the-art fertility treatments such as IVF and IUI.
What Is IVF?
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a fertility treatment where, unlike Intrauterine insemination (where fertilization occurs in the woman’s body), it happens in a lab, with sperm from the partner or a donor. The best quality embryo is selected and transferred so the woman can achieve pregnancy.
How Much Does IVF Cost In Mexico?
IVF costs $7500 – 70% cheaper than the US!
What Is IUI?
Intrauterine Insemination is artificial insemination that involves depositing sperm in the uterus. The patient is subjected to ovarian stimulation, and the sperm swims toward the fallopian tubes. It is the first that many people and couples turn to when looking for fertility treatments.
Male infertility can be treated with different fertility treatments, medications, surgery, lifestyle changes, and state-of-the-art procedures. It is essential to seek our fertility specialists to check which treatment is more proper for you; our staff is ready for your visit. If you want to achieve your dream of starting a family, our staff is here to help!
Gynecology, Obstetrics and Biology of Human Reproduction Surgeon at the Autonomous University of Guadalajara, specialist Biologist of Human Reproduction by the Mexican Institute of Infertility.
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